Human resource management practice

In the recent past, human resources development and management in Australia has experienced tremendous growth. Previously, this industry has been formal but of late industry regulators are moving towards deregulation of this sector by engaging a more professionally trained workforce, in effect casualizing and diversifying the hospitality industry (Patrickson Hartmann 1998, p. 98).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Human resource management practice specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Practitioner are more emphatic on creating a more flexible work plan, putting employees on performance based contracts, reliance on legal professionals and computerizing HR management. This has created a more diversified HR and hospitality industry in Australia. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the functional comparisons between Australia and India’s human resource management in the hospitality industry. There is no shor tage of available labor force for Australia’s hotel industry. In their report, Nankervis and Debrah explain that primary function of industry managers is to identify, train and equip hotels with reliable work force that meets industry demands (1993, p. 507). This is because Australia is a major tourist destination for elite tourists. In order to retain tourists, hotels must provide the best customer service. HR managers in Australia have also had to develop a â€Å"more systematic employee management† by developing more flexible work policies that accommodate â€Å"casual and students labor force (Knox Walsh 2006, p. 1). In the recruitment of employees, 32% of Australian hotels ensure that there are equal employment opportunities for both genders (Knox and Walsh 2). To add to this, about 82% of all hotels in Australia posses’ mission statements that express their business philosophies and objectives (Knox Walsh 2006, p. 3). Australian hotel industry still has a very low appraisal rates with only about 59.5 % of Australian hotels conduct employees’ performance appraisals and 40.6% having a distinct careers plans for their employees (Knox Walsh 2006, p. 4). This is not enough to motivate the Australian hotel workers. By comparison, India’s hotel industry spends about 33% of its total earnings while Australia spends about 35% on labor cost (Buultjens Cairncross 2009, p. 48; Hotel news resource 2010). The Indians industry has also sought to move to engage a â€Å" more flexible job description so as to suit in the emerging and a more formalized training procedure for its hotel work force,† just like Australia (Chand 2009, para 1).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, Australia hospitality industry has seen an increase in the number of part time employees over the years, rising to 54% of the overall work f orce (Nankervis 1995, para 12). The Indian HR department solely decides the penalties imposed on errant employees; Australia is more consultative. This means that Indian is still lagging behind in training of quality hotel staff. The chart below shows the differences outweigh the similarities. In conclusion, India is still lagging behind Australia in the general development of the hospitality industry as compared to Australia. There is a shortage of hotels training institutes in India whereas, Australia has moved from developing training institutions to providing quality training fro employees that its industry demands. As a result of improved training HR, management practices have improved tremendously and therefore Hoteliers have achieved more desirable results. They also attract a labor force with the relevant job competencies. However, they still need to improve on employee appraisal programs and develop career growth plans, if they are to retain such highly competent staff. Bo th countries are engaging policies for more flexible work-plans for their employees because of the overall industry fluctuations. Reference List Buultjens’ J., Cairncross, G., 2009. The Australian Hospitality Industry Response to Formalized Enterprise And Individual; Bargaining Prior To The Ruud Government. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management. Web.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Human resource management practice specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Chand, M., 2010. Human resource management practices in Indian hospitality enterprises: an empirical analysis. DOI: 10.1080/13606710903447972 HOTEL NEWS RESOURCE., 2010. Deloitte Hospitality 2015: Seven Key Trends to Shape the Future Success. Web. Knox, A., Walsh, J. (2006). Organizational flexibility and HRM in the hotel industry: evidence from Australia..DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-8583.2005.tb00140.x . Nankervis A. (1993). Enhancing Productivity in the Australian Hotel Industry: The Role of Human Resource Management, Research and Practice in Human Resource Management. 1.117-39. Nankervis, A. (1995). Human Resource Management in Hotels: A Comparative Study. Web. Patrickson, M., Hartmann, L., 2001. Human Resource Management in Australia Prospects for the Twenty-First Century. International Journal of Manpower, Vol. 22, No. 398. Thadani, M., Wij, I., 2010. India Hotel Industry Survey 2009-2010. The  Federation of Hotel Restaurant Associations of India. Web.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This report on Human resource management practice was written and submitted by user Leilani Pennington to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Liberec, a city in the north of Czech republic essays

Liberec, a city in the north of Czech republic essays Liberec is situated in a valley between the Jizera Mountains and the Jested Ridge. The Nisa River runs through it. The Town Hall lies 373m above the sea level. The town has population about 100 000 inhabitants and occupies the area of nearly 115 square km. From its foundation (the first written report about the village, concerning paying elevenses to the Pope, comes from 1352), Liberec was gradually developing as a trade and crafts centre of regional importance. When the house of Biberstein died out, the Liberec manor was bought by the Redern family in 1558. Thanks to this purchase, Liberec started to change its parochial character. It gained the status of a town in 1577. First linen and dealers and drapers settled here. First stone buildings- the Castle, the Church of St. Anthony and the renaissance Town Hall (pulled down in 1893) grew up among wooden houses. Albrecht of Wallenstein continued in the Redern tradition. He founded the New Town and supported further development of textile crafts. The ground plan of the Sokolovske Square and timbered houses in Vetrna Street remind us of Albrechts age even today. The sufferings of the Thirty Years War reflected in Liberec only after his death, when the Swedish and imperial troops came here in turn. The order prohibiting construction of wooden houses in 1807 led to the rapid rebuilding of the town centre. Also the road connection with the rest of the world improved in the first half of the 19th century and a railway was introduced here in 1859. Liberec was already the second most populous town in Bohemia. Its importance was further elevated by a special statue from 1850 and by the fact that it became a seat of higher state offices and institutions. Economic power was represented by Trade and Commercial Chamber, cultural and social importance was intensified by the existence of the theatre (since 1820) and by the activity of various associations. Great attention was pa...

Should GCSE formate be changed over the next few years Essay

Should GCSE formate be changed over the next few years - Essay Example Recently, the education standards in the ‘General Certificate of Secondary Education’ have come under serious debate from educationists and people from the political circles, widely giving rise to the notion that the GCSE examination should altogether be abolished and replaced by another like the E-Bac. GCSE has recently been under heavy fire for leaving teenagers underprepared for University Education. The exam has been failing to train teenagers for the degree level of education (Shepherd, 2012). The gcse has been lagging behind in training students for higher education, especially in subjects like mathematics, geography, chemistry, biology, English and English Literature. GCSE has been found more focused on the results that the exams generate and not a broader prospect of education (Baker, 2012). The amount of course work has also been considerably reduced over the past decade. It has been reviewed by ofqual (regulator of qualification), that GCSE has been becoming in creasingly easier over the past decade, which is suggestive of falling standards of Education (Shepherd, 2012). ... tudents coming to out of the GCSE did not possess necessary skills regarding critical thinking and writing, which were necessarily required for the degree courses (Shepherd, 2012). The poll also revealed that the lecturers teaching the degree level subjects of English, business studies, geography and psychology were unimpressed by the exam standard and wanted more open-ended questions and an independent study orientation (shepherd, 2012). MCQ’s restrict the student’s ability to learn and remember complex forms of data and information, as it focuses on testing the students for parts of information on topics. Many believe that with the passing years the MCQ content of the exams has been greatly increasing while the descriptive essay like questions in the exams have reduced considerably, which are the real indicators of the amount and level of learning. In the 2012 review by ofqual, it was put forth that as compared to 2001, in 2010 human geography exam had fewer questions that tested the scientific knowledge of the students; 2008 biology exam also had an increased number of short answers and MCQ’s as compared to the exam in 2003; the 2010 geography exam was testing the pupils on fewer topics as compared to the exam that was put forth in the year 2001; and for the subject of Chemistry 2008 exam also showed more GCSE level questions as compared to the year 2003 (Shepherd, 2012). The Education Secretary, Micheal Gove says that the system of GCSE was â€Å"for a different age and a different world† (BBC, 2012). Mr. Gove believes the GCSE system to be outdated and that new exam system like E-Bac could help raise the bar again. The education secretary believes that changes in education system are necessary so that there can be â€Å"truly rigorous exams, competitive with the

Case Study Nike The Sweatshop Debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Case Study Nike The Sweatshop Debate - Essay Example Nike has changed its course of action in recent years from one of sheer denial and arguments to one of policy and change. The fact that the company responded only to global media pressure and the fact that standards only changed in Indonesia because of workers strikes and consumer pressure leave something to be desired about the ethical standards of Nike. However, it is important to recognize that Nike did change, though the implementation of the 1997 policies, almost ten years later, are not fully in effect. Nike should be held ethically responsible for the working conditions in foreign factories of subcontractors. In a business decision, regardless of the international boundaries, it is important to follow a certain level of ethical standards. While it is impossible to judge if Nike absolutely knew of the sub-standard conditions, it is logical to assume that Nike could not have ignored the possibility, regardless of the information from Mr. Young, who said that the conditions were adequate in the factories. Yet, in countries where minimum age and working condition laws are not contusive to an appropriate and healthy lifestyle, Nike, by simple association, should maintain a level of dignity for their products. However, the legalities of the situation become more intricate for Nike, being an American based business, subcontracts to (mainly) Asian factories. In 1992, Nike implemented a Memorandum that "required its subcontractors to comply with local laws regulating wages and working cond itions and mandated that documentation of compliance with the Memorandum be maintained for Nike's inspection," and "required subcontractors to adhere to environmentally safe practices and to certify that they did not discriminate on the basis of gender, race, religion, age, ethnic origin, or sexual orientation," yet by 1997 the subcontractors in question were obviously ignoring the Memorandum (Shaw p 6 1999). The fact that Nike created this Memo shows that in early years, the company was knowledgeable of the situation-otherwise, there would not have been a reason to respond (via the Memorandum) to negative media attention. The fact that Nike shows a response based on findings and media attention furthers the idea that they should be held legally, on an international basis, for their business practices-even those that fall under the laws of other countries. 2. What labor standards regarding safety, working conditions, overtime, and the like should Nike hold foreign factories to: those prevailing in that country, or those prevailing in the United States In 1997, the ILO (International Labor Organizations 268th Session Geneva 1997) at a Geneva Convention outlined the need for international labor laws to prevent the mistreatment of workers and, especially of children: (a) freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining; (b) the elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labour; (c) the effective abolition of child labour; and (d) the elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation. On that note, the shoes Nike sells from eighty to one-hundred and fifty dollars costs anywhere from twelve cents to five dollars to

Use Cases for ATM Service Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Use Cases for ATM Service - Case Study Example dispensing a) There are no errors and the cash is dispensed b) There is a shortfall or no stock of cash in denomination entered by the customer c) The ATM is out of cash d) Connection gets timed out due to connectivity issues with the bank servers f) Internal Error of the ATM g) Power Outage 11) Customer is dispensed the cash 12) Customer receives the card back 13) Printed advice is dispensed 14) Customer is prompted for another round of transaction 15) Customer enters a yes or a no a) If customer enters a yes then the entire set of steps from step number 6 or in some cases step number 4 is repeated b) If customer enters a no then the screen is reset and the User Session is closed 16) the ATM is ready for a fresh session / customer. Withdrawal Transaction Use Case: Figure 1: Use Case of Event of a bank customer withdrawing money from the ATM Figure 2: Use Case Diagram showing actors and processes in the process of withdrawing funds from the bank account using an ATM Use case dependen cy for making an account deposit: Below listed is the step sequence for a customer attempting to deposit a deposit to an account from the ATM: 1. Customer inserts his ATM card 2. Customer is asked to enter a language option 3. Customer is redirected to a page asking for the PIN 4. Customer enters PIN and is redirected to the Menu where transactions can be chosen 5. Customer chooses deposit money into account 6. Customer successfully deposits money into the account. Figure 3: Use Case Diagram for Depositing money into an account through an ATM Accounts Transfer Use Case: In order to make an account transfer from one account to another account the following steps need to be followed by the customer. 1. The customer inserts his ATM card 2. The customer enters language preferences followed by... The ATM is one component of the entire money transferring process from the Account holder’s bank account, right into the hands of the ATM operator in the form of currency notes. Account numbers are one of the most sensitive personal data. It is the access route to all finances of the bank’s customer. One of the major ethical issue related to the development or use of the ATM system is the failure of the network to securely transmit the credentials entered by the ATM user to the bank’s servers for transaction processing. This could lead to leakage of data and eventually hackers gaining access to the account through remote login into the account holder’s account. Another major ethical issue in connection with the development and use of the ATM that the Use Case exposes is the visibility of personally identifiable information to System Administrators, Data Operators for example: Name, email address, phone number, address and date of birth. Regarding security and compliance and Ethics every organisation should have common policies in place to prevent any sort of data privacy breach. Access Control, Multi Layer Data Encryption and Data Protection, Information Security, Biometric Scan etc should be in place to avoid any security or ethical breach. â€Å"Regarding security, every organization should have several common policies in place in addition to those already discussed relative to access control methods.

Impact of STD and STI on Pregnancy

Impact of STD and STI on Pregnancy Shaian Vandenburg Monroe College This research paper dissects the problems and consequences of some Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) such as The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, Genital Herpes, Hepatitis B Virus and the Cytomegalovirus, and how it impacts all facets of pregnancy. Additionally, this paper will further discuss the Signs and Symptoms, Treatment, and preventative methods that can be used for these complications. Sexually Transmitted Diseases can complicate pregnancy and have serious effects on both the mother and the developing baby. Some of these problems may be seen at birth; others may not be discovered until months or years later. HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). In the United States, the number of women with AIDS is on the rise (Johnstone, 1992). There have been many concerns of the effects that HIV/AIDS can have on pregnancy. In most cases, immune-compromised women reduces the CD Lymphocyte count below is normal threshold. Studies have proven that the outcome of Aids in pregnancy can be fatal. In the United States, the first 6 cases of Aids related pregnancies of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were fatal (Johnstone, 1992). Similarly, other studies have reported cases of pre-term labor, syphilis, and low birth weight. In the first controlled study of women who were infected with HIV/AIDS, results proved that there were correlations of pre-term labor, intrauterine growth retardation, and low birth weight. This infection can be transmitted to the baby through breastfeeding or at delivery. Other factors such as placental damage can also be related to an increased rate of transmission of the disease from the mother and the baby (Johnstone, 1992). Other retroviruses, such as Moloney murine leukaemia virus126 or HTLV I in the human are also transmitted to the baby by breast feeding. HIV-1 occurs in breast milk and there is no doubt that infection has been transmitted to the baby postnatally. Syphilis This is a bacterial infection that is caused by sexual contact which usually starts off as a painless sore on common sites such as your genitals, rectum or mouth. It is caused by spiral shaped bacteria called Treponema pallidum. Syphilis is transmitted from the mother to the fetus if the disease is left untreated. This can often lead to death of the baby (WHO, 2017). According to World Health Organization, the transmission of this disease from the mother to child resulted in approximately 143,000 early fatal deaths or stillbirths, 62,000 neonatal deaths and 44,000 babies were born either prematurely or with low birth weight (WHO, 2017). Syphilis is treated with antibiotics. Benzathine penicillin is usually injected into the arm or buttocks of the infected patient, this form of treatment is known as the most effective treatment for this disease. However, like any other sexually transmitted disease, the best prevention from this disease is by abstaining or sexual contact with one partner who has been tested negatively for this disease. Chlamydia Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted disease that can be easily cured. This disease affects both men and women and can cause permanent damages to a womans reproductive system, making it difficult for her to get pregnant. This infection is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. Like gonorrhea, it is spread by unprotected vaginal or anal sex with an infected person. Chlamydia is easily spread because most men and women have no signs and are unaware of the disease. However, the signs in women are vaginal discharge, bleeding between periods or after sex, burning or pain when urinating, pain the abdominal or pelvic area and pain during sex. In rare cases, people with chlamydia have Arthritis or sore joints and inflammation of the eye (CDC, 2016). Men are rarely linked to health problems that are associated with chlamydia. Infections sometimes spread to the tube that carries sperm from the testicles, which causes pain and fever. Rarely, chlamydia can prevent a man from being able to have children (CDC, 2016). This can have some effect on the baby if transmitted. Similarly, like Gonorrhea, Chlamydia can cause PID, which can cause Ectopic pregnancies. It can spread to newborn babies during delivery which can cause pneumonia and eye infections. In addition, pregnant women who are infected, have an increased risk of having a premature baby (CDC, 2016). Generally, this disease is treated with antibiotics. It is usually advised to avoid sexual contact until the treatment has been completed. Some ways to prevent contracting Chlamydia are by protecting yourself with the use of condoms, and also by being in a monogamous relationship with someone who has been tested negatively for this disease. Gonorrhea Gonorrhea is a Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) that is transferred from one person to another by unprotected vaginal, oral or anal sex. The infection is caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Keifer and Sarachik, 2016). This disease usually affects warm and moist areas of the body such as the eyes, throat, vagina, anus, urethra and the female reproductive tract. In females, these infections can appear like a common bacterial or yeast infection (Keifer, 2016). Some of the symptoms are discharge from the vagina which can appear watery, creamy or slightly green, pain or burning sensation while urinating, the need to urinate more frequently, heavier periods or spotting, sore throat, pain while engaging in sexual intercourse, sharp pain in the lower abdomen and also fever. According to the American Congress Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2016), miscarriage rates increases in women with this disease. Gonorrhea affects approximately 13,000 pregnant women each year in the United States (CDC). It poses a risk for an unborn child during pregnancy and also during delivery. Often times, women with this disease develop Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID),which can increase the chances of an ectopic pregnancy (Perkins, 2015). An ectopic pregnancy is a condition where the fetus implants in the fallopian tube instead of the uterus. Since this tube is too small to accommodate the fetus, tubal rupture and serious bleeding can result if the tube is not removed. Babies that are delivered vaginally have a higher chance of contracting this disease from secretions in the vaginal tract. These symptoms can be very detrimental to the babys health. The signs are often discovered by skin infections, respiratory infections, blindness, meningitis, arthritis of the joints and lastly, systematic blood infections which can be life threatening to the baby. The best protection against this disease is abstinence, monogamy, and the proper use of condoms. Some lifestyle practices such as drugs and alcohol abuse can also increase the chances of contracting this disease (Sarachik, 2016). Hepatitis B Virus The term Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver that can be caused by many viruses or other infections. In addition to Hepatitis B, there are also Hepatitis A and C. However, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis B is a viral infection, that attacks the liver and can cause acute and chronic disease. This virus is transmitted through contact with the blood or other fluids of the body of an infected person. It is also spread by exposure to infected blood and various body fluids such as saliva, menstrual, vaginal and seminal fluids. Sexual Transmission of this virus particularly occurs in unvaccinated men who participate in sexual activities with partners with this disease This virus can survive outside of the body for at least 7 days. During this time, it is still possible to cause an infection if it enters the body of someone who is unvaccinated. The incubation period of the Hepatitis B virus is approximately 75 days, but it can vary from 30 to 180 days. (Nettleman, 2016). Like any other disease, Hepatitis B, has many effects on the baby. Some of which includes, low birth weight and prematurity, neonatal jaundice and congenital anomalies or perinatal mortality. However, the effects of chronic Hepatitis B Virus infection on pregnancy outcomes have not been clearly defined (Nettleman, 2016). Genital Herpes Genital Herpes is caused by the Herpes Simplex virus (HSV). Having this disease during pregnancy can cause significant health risks resulting in neonatal diseases (Aga, 2009). This virus causes herpes by entering the body via mucous membranes or breaks in the skin. Like every other STD, Genital Herpes is spred by unprotected vaginal, anal and oral sex. There are two types of HSV, Herpes Simplex 1, which causes cold sores and Herpes Simplex 2, which causes Genital Herpes. Some signs and symptoms are fever flu-like symptoms, nausea, muscle aches, painful urination, tingling or burning sensation in the area where blisters will appear. It is possible to get the infection in the mouth, tongue, lips and other parts of the body. If a woman has contracted the genital herpes virus in the birth canal during delivery, herpes simplex virus can be spread to the infant causing neonatal herpes, which can sometimes be fatal. Neonatal herpes can complications that cause overwhelming infections to the central nervous system, mental retardation or even death. Babies are most at risk for neonatal herpes if the mother contracts genital herpes in the later stages of the pregnancy. Additionally, the virus can be spread to the baby in the first week of birth if he or she is kissed by someone with an active cold sore, also known as oral herpes. In rare conditions, herpes can be spread by touch, if someone touches an active sore and then immediately touches the baby. Therefore, it is advised that an infected person avoids contact with the baby. Usually after birth, the baby is observed closely for approximately three weeks. Symptoms of neonatal herpes may include a skin rash, fever, crankiness, or lack or appetite. While these can be symptoms of other illnesses, it is advised that each symptom be observed carefully. Subsequently, The baby should be taken to his or her pediatrician and the parent should notify the doctor that he or she has the disease (ASHA, 2017). There is no cure for Herpes. But, there are medications that can prevent or shorten the outbreaks of the disease. Treatment is generally given to pregnant women at the end of their pregnancy. Based on small studies, when acyclovir is taken in the last month of the pregnancy, it prevent the disease from reoccurring but it also poses as a risk to the unborn baby. References   Ã‚   CDC. (2016, May 19) Chlamydia- CDC fact sheet, Retrieved March 1, 2017, from Center for Disease Control and Prevention, https://www.cdc.gov/std/chlamydia.stdfactchalydia.htm. Johnson, F, MD (1992). HIV and Pregnancy. Retrieved March 20, 2017 from International Journal of STD and Aids. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/09564624920030020. Aga, I. (2009). Managing Genetal Herpes Infections and Pregnancies. Retrieved March 20, 2017, from Sage Journals. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.2217/17455057.5.2.165 WHO. (2017, Januray). Hepatitis B (HBV.Hep B). Retrieved March 1, 2017, From World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs400/en/. WHO.(2017). Syphilis. Retrieved March 20,2017, from World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2016/antibiotics-sexual-infections/en/

Male Initiation Rituals :: essays research papers

Collective Male Initiation Rituals of the Sambia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The transition of a boy to a man is very important to the Sambia, of New Guinea. This transition consists of an initiation ritual, which has 6 stages and takes between 13 and 20 years to complete. The first 3 stages are collectively focused, which I will discuss, and stages 4 through 6 are individually focused. This ritual helps to introduce the boys to male society, prepare them for adult responsibilities and is used to transmit culture (Nanda 2002: 132). The beliefs of the Sambia show a â€Å"warriors conception of manhood where men should be strong, brave, and unyielding in the pursuit of all tasks† (Herdt 1981: 50). The first stage of initiation is called Moku and occurs between the ages of 7 and 10. The second stage is called Imbutuand occurs between the ages of 10 and 13. The third stage is called Ipmangwi and occurs between the ages of 14 and 16.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the first stage of initiation the boys are taken from their mothers homes and taken to live at the men’s clubhouse. Here boys are given a ritual sponsor who is usually in the third or forth stage of initiation (Herdt 1981: 55). Early in the first stage is the stretching right. â€Å"The stretching rites are the initial stimulus to spur masculinity† (Herdt 1981: 223). In the stretching rites the boys are carried off into the woods by their ritual sponsor and sticks or switches are rubbed against the bodies of groups of boys by the elder males. The boy’s skin is rubbed and perforated. This is said to remove â€Å"sweat and the fine down of the boys cheeks, arms and legs† (Herdt 1981: 222) which are contaminants caused by close contact with their mothers. After this dangerous ritual their sponsor must carry the boys back to the men’s clubhouse.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the most important rituals in the first stage initiation is nose bleeding. This act is the most painful preformed on the initiates (Herdt 1981: 224). In this rite sharp blades of grass are stuck up the nose until it bleeds. This is done to remove any contaminated blood that is caused from extended contact with the boy’s mother (Herdt 1981: 223). This purifies the boys and enables them to move on to rites that will strengthen them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After stretching and nose bleeding the initiate is given the ingestive rights.

Food Addictives Essay

This food additives essay is basically an advantages and disadvantages essay. You need to be careful with the word ‘outweigh’ as this often confuses students. The word ‘outweigh’ can be placed in different ways in the sentence so rather than work it out, it is better to think of it simply as ‘are there more advantages or disadvantages Decide what you think there are more of and then state this in the thesis statement without mentioning the word ‘outweigh’. For example, look at the thesis statement from the food additives essay model answer: In my opinion, the potential dangers from this are greater than the benefits we receive. ‘Outweigh’ questions do suggest, though, that there are definitely both advantages AND disadvantages, so you should discuss both. However, make sure your essay supports your opinion. For example, if you have said there are more disadvantages, it would not make sense to then write mostly about advantages . As you can see from the model answer, advantages are discussed, but the focus is on the disadvantages as this is what it is stated are greater in the thesis statement. Model Essay 15 – Food Additives Essay You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic. Do the dangers derived from the use of chemicals in food production and preservation outweigh the advantages? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own experience or knowledge. You should write at least 250 words. www.ieltsbuddy.com – Free online IELTS Advice www.ieltsbuddy.com – Free online IELTS Advice Food Additives Essay Model Answer Most foods that are purchased these days in small stores and supermarkets have chemicals in them as these are used to improve production and ensure the food lasts for longer. However, there are concerns that these have harmful effects. In my opinion, the potential dangers from this are greater than the benefits we receive. There are several reasons why chemicals are placed in food. Firstly, it is to improve the product to the eye, and this is achieved via the use of colourings which encourage people to purchase food that may otherwise not look tempting to eat. Another reason is to preserve the food. Much of the food we eat would not actually last that long if it were not for chemicals they contain, so again this is an advantage to the companies that sell food as their products have a longer shelf life. From this evidence, it is clear to me that the main benefits are, therefore, to the companies and not to the customer. Although companies claim these food additives are safe and they have research to support this, the research is quite possibly biased as it comes from their own companies or people with connections to these companies. It is common to read reports these days in the press about possible links to various health issues such as cancer. Food additives have also been linked to problems such as hyperactivity in children. To conclude, despite the fact that there are benefits to placing chemicals in food, I believe that these principally help the companies but could be a danger to the public. It is unlikely that this practice can be stopped, so food must be clearly labeled a nd it is my hope that organic products will become more readily available at reasonable prices to all.

Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter essays

Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter essays The Scarlet Letter is a book of much symbolism. One of the most complex and misunderstood symbols in the book is Pearl, the daughter of Hester Prynne. Pearl, throughout the story, develops into a dynamic symbol - one that is always changing. Pearl came to represent this symbolism in many ways. In The Scarlet Letter, Hester received the scarlet letter, "A". She had to wear this letter upon her chest. This was the Puritan way of treating her as an adulteress. The Puritan treatment continued, because as Hester walked through the streets, she was looked down upon as if she were some sort of horrible being that had committed a terrible crime. This would give her much mental anguish and grief. On the other hand, Gods treatment of Hester for her sin was quite different than just a physical token: he gave Hester the punishment of a very unique child which she named Pearl. This punishment handed down from God was a constant mental and physical reminder to Hester of what she had done wrong, and she could not escape it. In this aspect, Pearl symbolized Gods way of punishing Hester for adultery. The fact that Hesters life was ruined for so long was the ultimate price that Hester paid for Pearl. With Pearl, Hesters life was one almost never filled with joy, but instead a constant nagging. Pearl would harass her mother over the scarlet "A" which she wore. Pearl would also make her own "A" to wear, and sometimes played games with her mothers, trying to hit it with rocks. When Hester would go into the town with Pearl, the other children would make fun of her, and Pearl would yell and throw dirt at them. So, in this case, Pearl symbolized the decimation of Hesters life and mental state. Although Hester had so much trouble with Pearl, she still felt that Pearl was her treasure. Pearl was virtually the only thing that Hester had i ...

Free Essays on Tawas Michigan

I chose the city of Tawas/East Tawas for my Michigan history project. Tawas has a personal touch to it because it is my summer home. My family owns two cottages in Tawas right on Lake Huron. Tawas is about and hour and fifteen minutes from Saginaw. Tawas is a part of Iosco County. Between the Huron National Forest and the blue-green waters of Lake Huron and Saginaw Bay lie the peaceful twin cities of Tawas City/East Tawas. For the most part Tawas is a very touristy city. There are hiking, skiing, and snowmobile trials throughout the town that attract tourists. Also there are many other hot fishing spots located along the towns waterside edge on Lake Huron. There are many in land lakes located in the city of Tawas that offer great fishing. Perchville is their annual event to celebrate ice fishing; this year will be their 52nd. There are always festivals and craft and antique shows going on as well. The origin of Tawas’s name comes from a Native American word meaning â€Å"water of light.† Tawas is also known as â€Å"The sunrise side.† There is an Indian museum located in Tawas that tells the history of the Native Americans that lived in the area. Prior to the arrival of the European trappers and settlers, this area of Michigan was sparsely populated by Native Americans. The Chippewa tribe had been living here since around 1525, but their main settlements were not in this area of the state. The land was covered with rich pine and hardwood forests and populated with an abundance of wildlife. The rivers and lakes were teeming with fish. White fish, grayling, sturgeon, and herring were so plentiful that the local Native Americans easily maintained large stocks of dried fish for food and for use as trade goods. Although some aspects of their life might have seemed rather idyllic, it must also be remembered that other tribes (notably the Iroquois) often made ra ids into this part of the Great Lakes and warred with the Chippewa and H... Free Essays on Tawas Michigan Free Essays on Tawas Michigan I chose the city of Tawas/East Tawas for my Michigan history project. Tawas has a personal touch to it because it is my summer home. My family owns two cottages in Tawas right on Lake Huron. Tawas is about and hour and fifteen minutes from Saginaw. Tawas is a part of Iosco County. Between the Huron National Forest and the blue-green waters of Lake Huron and Saginaw Bay lie the peaceful twin cities of Tawas City/East Tawas. For the most part Tawas is a very touristy city. There are hiking, skiing, and snowmobile trials throughout the town that attract tourists. Also there are many other hot fishing spots located along the towns waterside edge on Lake Huron. There are many in land lakes located in the city of Tawas that offer great fishing. Perchville is their annual event to celebrate ice fishing; this year will be their 52nd. There are always festivals and craft and antique shows going on as well. The origin of Tawas’s name comes from a Native American word meaning â€Å"water of light.† Tawas is also known as â€Å"The sunrise side.† There is an Indian museum located in Tawas that tells the history of the Native Americans that lived in the area. Prior to the arrival of the European trappers and settlers, this area of Michigan was sparsely populated by Native Americans. The Chippewa tribe had been living here since around 1525, but their main settlements were not in this area of the state. The land was covered with rich pine and hardwood forests and populated with an abundance of wildlife. The rivers and lakes were teeming with fish. White fish, grayling, sturgeon, and herring were so plentiful that the local Native Americans easily maintained large stocks of dried fish for food and for use as trade goods. Although some aspects of their life might have seemed rather idyllic, it must also be remembered that other tribes (notably the Iroquois) often made ra ids into this part of the Great Lakes and warred with the Chippewa and H...

The Process Of Making BMW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Process Of Making BMW - Essay Example Each idea that would become a car goes through a regular product development process (PDP), which is now mandatory for all BMWs. Under this process, the various components and new technologies are integrated to form a complete vehicle. The final product thus realized must meet the stringent real time tests that all BMW cars go through. This process has also been employed in the BMW Hydrogen 7 series that are due to hit the roads in 2007 when a limited edition of these cars would be sold to select users in select countries. This would be the world's first hydrogen powered and luxury performance car. A Process Development Center (PDC) has also been created for the pre-production testing of supplier components. An analysis center allows for functional analysis, testing compliance to standards and testing improvements made to the line. Once designed, tested and approved, the BMW next goes into the production plant. This plant comprises of three distinct departments: the body shop, the paint shop and the assembly line. The KISS system (Kernfertigungs - integierendes Ste uerungs System) is employed to completely automate communication in the production plant and also to design and store an electronic history for each car. It schedules and sequences the production methodology, making the making of BMW a well-organized process. The first stop in the body sh... Computerized robotic systems weld the small components together that make the three parts of the underbody of the car shell: the motor compartment, the floor pan and the rear compartment. The next stopover is the underbody marriage station (a BMW patent technology), where each car is attached to a geometric pallet. This allows for easy rotation and lifting of the underbody for associates and machines to easily weld bolts and various other small components into place. Next, the car enters the framing area where pre-assembled sides come to join the underbody. Once the pieces are weld together, robotic laser sensors inspect the unit for any possible errors. The car body is mounted once again on the geometric pallet to further weld and braze the unit for additional strength2 and prevention from water leaks. On completion, the car shell is transferred on the conveyor belt to the final stage of the body shop: fitting and finishing. In this stage the BMW is fitted with the various metallic components like door hinges, trunk and hood hinges. A grinding and sanding booth then smoothens these hinges and car body, making it better receptive to the paint. The hang-on panels including the doors, fenders, the hood, trunk and quarter panels are finally attached. BMW associates then carry out a final inspection whereby the car is checked for pluses (raised areas) and minuses (indentions). Once the smooth finish of a car is ensured, it is ready to go to the paint shop. The car is then lifted overhead and put on specially constructed computerized conveyors that transfer the semi-finished car shell to the paint department. This section of the factory is highly automated and computer controlled. The paint shop In the paint shop, the body of the to-be car is cleaned

European Society and Thought Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

European Society and Thought - Essay Example The economy of Europe was transformed Production expanded greatly, and new methods of marketing and transport arose. Finally, governments gradually adopted new methods and policies, often spurred by pressures from below as new groups gained political consciousness. The result was an increasingly active government that sought change in many areas--in agricultural methods, in the organization of cities, in industry and technology, and in more conventional matters such as police and military structure. Population growth, the industrialization of the economy, and the modernization of the state--here were the most obvious motors for change. The result was a transformation that touched every aspect of life; and in many ways the less familiar changes were more important. People became sexier. They had intercourse more often, both in and out of marriage. Their bodies changed. Modern European man is taller, is heavier, and has bigger feet than his premodern counterpart. Women are taller as we ll, but ultimately their physical image, and with a bit of a lag their physical reality, stressed greater slenderness, along with an increase in bust size. Premodern society had a different notion of work from modern society. It had little specific sense of leisure; the notion of vacations and regular, off-the-job recreation was born in the nineteenth century. Any change as great as industrialization and modernization creates a great deal of stress (Hughes p12). At every stage of the modernization process large groups of people were fearful of change. Ironically, the same transformation that spread an idea of progress also enhanced a more traditional notion that somehow the past was better. An example: polls in France as late as the 1950s revealed that the majority of the population believed that people lived longer in the past than in modern society, apparently assuming that the stress of modern life, in contrast to the peaceful existence of the countryside, must have reduced longevity. Belief in political reform spread too many sectors of the bourgeoisie in France during the second half of the eighteenth century via Enlightenment tracts. Lawyers and other professional people were particularly receptive. By the 1790s a more radical reform interest, also Enlightenment-derived, reached artisans, whose leaders began talking in terms of social contracts and popular sovereignty. But even here the Enlightenment channelled political interests more than it caused them (Gottschalk p14). The state, particularly on the Continent, played a more direct role in modernization, though without intending to contribute to any fundamental transformation of society. From the late seventeenth century most European governments had been extending the scope of their operations. They tried to increase their contact with distant sections of their country, curtailing the regional power of aristocrats. Bureaucracies were expanded, and bourgeois elements were brought into some of them. Most important, the government began to deal with activities that had previously been left to the control of local and private groups. Many